Human behavior

 Human behavior is the potential and expressed capacity for mentally, physically, and socially of human individuals or groups to respond to internal and external stimuli throughout their life. Behavior is driven by genetic and environmental factors that affect an individual. Humans like other animal species have a life course that consists of successive phases of growth which is characterized by a distinct set of physical, physiological, and behavioral features. Human behavior is shaped by psychological traits, personality types vary from person to person, producing different actions and behavior. These phases are prenatal life, infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, including old age. Human development, or developmental psychology is a field of study that attempts to describe and explain the changes in human cognitive, emotional, and behavioral capabilities and functioning over the entire life span from the fetus to old age.

Human behavior is studied by the social sciences which include psychology, sociology, ethology, and their various branches and schools of thought. The study of human behavior includes how the human mind evolved and how the nervous system controls behavior. Most scientific research on human development has concentrated on the period from birth through early adolescence, owing to both the rapidity and magnitude of the psychological changes observed during those phases and to the fact that they culminate in the optimum mental functioning of early adulthood. The systematic study of children is less than 200 years old, and the vast majority of its research has been published since the mid-1940s. The fundamental nature of children and their growth occupied psychologists during much of the 20th century. The importance of genetic endowment and environment determining development during infancy and childhood.

Human behavior is influenced by biological and cultural elements. Behavioral genetics considers how human behavior is affected by inherited traits. Genes do not guarantee certain behaviors, traits can be inherited that make individuals engage in certain behaviors or express certain personalities. An individual's personality and attitudes affect how behaviors are expressed by genetic and environmental factors. Specific traits of one's personality, temperament and genetics may be more consistent, other behaviors change as one moves between life stages—i.e., from birth through adolescence, adulthood, and, for example, parenthood and retirement. Communication develops over the first year and infants begin using gestures to communicate intention around nine to ten months of age. Verbal communication develops more gradually, taking form during the second year of age. Physical disabilities can prevent individuals from engaging in typical human behavior or necessitate alternative behaviors. Physical disabilities developed nations, including health care, assistive technology and vocational services. Mental disabilities are those that directly affect cognitive and social behavior. The negative effects of rising temperatures on the environment, biodiversity and human health are becoming increasingly noticeable. The ego utilizes a variety of conscious and unconscious mental processes to try to satisfy id. The three broad areas of human behavior supply good examples. The first of these personal control may be taken to include person to person relationship in the family, among friends , in social and work groups and in counseling and psychotherapy. Other field are education and government. A few example from each will show how non scientific pre-conceptions are affecting our current thinking about human behavior.

Learning is any relatively permanent change in behaviour that results from past experience. Focuses primarily on the child’s actions, rather than on his emotions or thinking. This point of view is called learning theory. These theory helps to explain differences in behaviour, motives, and values among children. This article treats as separate various substantive spheres of human development (physical, perceptual, cognitive, linguistic, personality, and social), as it does various temporal phases of development (prenatal life, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age). In the life course, genetic endowment and biology interact with cultural context and experience to shape the development of human behaviour. Study of the development of human behaviour is unwieldy; life does not submit to elegant scientific analysis or to precise prediction.Therefore, developmental study takes as its goals the general description and explanation of origins, of constancy, and of change in perceiving, thinking, feeling, and behaving.